Shah Rukh Khan The King of Endorsements

In 1993, Shah Rukh Khan first appeared in three ads for tea brand Brahmaputra. The ads heralded the arrival of Shah Rukh Khan as a brand endorser of some stature. The very next year, he ended up endorsing three more brands – Hero Puch, Cinthol and Mayur Suitings. The series of his hits not only established him as a super star of film industry but also positioned him as a bankable endorser.

In 1996 he was signed by cola giant Pepsi, which can be seen as the turning point of his endorsement career. Shah Rukh Khan since then, has endorsed Bagpiper, Hyundai Santro and i10, Top Ramen noodles, Jeanne Arthes, Clinic All Clear shampoo, Emami-Sona Chandi Chyawanprash, Lux, Omega, Airtel, Nokia, sunfeast, Compaq, Home Trade, Videocon to name a few.

The superstar Shah Rukh Khan has 34 brand endorsement deals for year 2008 which is down from 37 endorsement brand in year 2007. I believe that other celebrity like Hrithik Roshan, Salman Khan, Aamir Khan and Akshay kumar have not shown great interest in the endorsement market. In the given scenario it is important to understand what makes him the most popular celebrity brand endorser around?

Shah Rukh Khan has been around for a long time, and has become a bankable name. He is the only one who has proved to be consistent for last fifteen years (since the release of his first movie in 1992). In recent past we have seen that the actors like Hrithik Roshan, Salman Khan, Aamir Khan and Akshay kumar are also consistent and bankable name of the Indian film industry but they are not the corporate world darling. In my views corporate world not only look for these two factors there are something more than this. The other important factors are – corporate friendliness, image of celebrity, brand personality of celebrity.

Marketers claim that Shah Rukh Khan’s appeal cuts across age, gender, and class, and blends the characteristics that mirror multiple identities – the ordinary middle class guy who went on to became the King. The king is a traditional and family loving Indian.

The biggest plus about the actor Shah Rukh Khan is that he holds self-made man image. The common Indian man associates with him and aspires to become Shah Rukh Khan. In last few years Akshay kumar has also attained status of self-made man which is challenge to the king. The other plus about Shah Rukh Khan is his image of down-to-earth, approachable person and his ability of straddling the classes and the masses. He is not niche actor like Aamir, and not even a down market actor like Govinda. In this parameter also Akshay kumar has taken a lead. This new image of the Bollywood star Akshay kumar can be a threat to the Shah Rukh Khan’s endorsement kingdom.

The fact that Shah Rukh Khan has been so overexposed by advertising leaves little room for credibility among consumers. I can’t imagine Shah Rukh Khan driving Huandi Santro or i10 but the fact that the Shah Rukh Khan’s fans still associate him with the products is doing wonders for him.

Amitabh Bachchan – The Biggest Celebrity Endorser of All Time

The celebrities are super achievers like Amitabh Bachchan, Sachin Tendulkar, Shah Rukh Khan. The celebrity has a life cycle. Among all Indian celebrities, Amitabh Bachchan is an exception. He is beyond the normal life cycle of a celebrity in terms of endorsements. Amitabh Bachchan is popular with possibly all demographic, psychographic, geographic. He commands respect across the length and breadth of India, cutting across the barriers of age, income, region and language. Today he is not only one of the successful actors but also one of the most successful endorses. Having said this I must talk about the fact that during the first two-and-a-half decades of his acting career when he was called the one-man Hindi film industry never endorsed any product.

Amitabh Bachchan
Amitabh Bachchan (Amitabh Harivansh Srivastav), born on October 11, 1942 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh is one of the most prominent Indian film actors of Bollywood. Amitabh Bachchan is known for his deep, baritone voice. He before entering the film industry applied for a job with All India Radio for the post of a news announcer, for which he was rejected – probably a destiny’s call. The actor also did Playback Singing for many Indian movies. The actor has also endorsed many brands and is one of the leading celebrity endorsers for Indian corporate world.

Birth of Endorser Amitabh Bachchan
In year 2000 Amitabh Bachchan, anchored Kaun Banega Crorepati (popularly known as KBC ) which positioned him into the league of the most expensive endorsers. The phenomenal success of KBC helped marketers realize that Amitabh Bachchan single-point attention-grabber. He is one Indian celebrity who could not only command attention but also lend his credibility status to the brands. He has been brand ambassador of products across industry and categories including Pepsi, Mirinda, ICICI Bank, Parker Pens, Reid & Taylor, Maruti Versa, Cadbury’s, Nerolac, Hajmola, Navratna tail, Emani Boroplus, Eveready, Dabur, Sahara city Home, D’damas, Binnani.
Amitabh Bachchan, before success of KBC had probably endorsed just one brand in mid nineties which was a corporate branding exercise for BPL. The campaign managed to position BPL as an aspirational Indian brand. After success of KBC he has endorsed brands in product categories as diverse as banking, soft drinks, batteries, paints, chocolates, automobiles, writing instruments, apparel, diet supplements, personal care and real estate.

Challenge for Endorser Amitabh Bachchan
It is believed that if the endorser is associated with many brands, exclusivity can no longer be associated with the celebrity. The audience gets confused when the same celebrity plugs many brands and hence the endorsement value gets eroded. In recent times, Amitabh Bachchan endorsement list has come down but he still endorses brands in double digits. And in my view most of his brands he endorses are doing good. I believe, if it was not Amitabh Bachchan the marketers would have been struggling with the ideas. Marketers can position Amitabh Bachchan as an action hero; an energizing personality; a jovial character; an advisor; a spokesperson; Mr. dependable and not to miss a passionate endorser – there is lot in Amitabh Bachchan which is unexplored. Having said this strongly advocate that marketers needs to use the celebrity power of Amitabh Bachchan judiciously.

Film insurance in India

In December 1998, after signing the deal for Taal with Mukta Arts Pvt. Ltd, United India Insurance had approached a few London and Tokyo based insurance companies to re-insure the film. The re-insurer refused to re-insure Indian films, citing the complete lack of accountability in film production in India. The re-insure were looking for a commercially viable project, backed by detailed reports regarding the risks involved, the financing of the project and completion schedule etc. However, the issue of financing was found to be the biggest stumbling block for the development of the film insurance industry in India. The hesitance of the foreign insurance companies was completely justified as the Indian film industry was completely unorganized. Those were the days when the distributors, music companies and financiers were the major sources of funds for the film industry. The other prominent source of financing were financiers such as diamond merchants, brokers, builders and other cash rich businessmen, charged very high interest rates, generally in the range of 36-48% per annum. The cheapest source of financing for the film industry was underworld mafia.

The problem ended In December 2000, a Joint Institutional Committee on Financing Entertainment Industry submitted an interim report that laid down certain norms for offering financial assistance to the film industry.

The Cine Mukta Policy
In the history of Indian Film Industry, Mukta Arts Pvt. Ltd produced Taal was the first Hindi film to be insured. United India Insurance drafted the policy from scratch and honored producer-director Subhash Ghai with naming the policy The Cine Mukta Policy. The film insurance can not be standardized it is dynamic. The structure of the film insurance mostly depends on the film. A production house can take part insurance or can also insure entire film.

The insurance premium also depends on various factors. A film where large sets had to be put up, the policy would be heavy on insurance for properties and sets, a film shot in a single room/bungalow etc., insurance on the properties and sets could be completely avoided. A film where the actors performed dangerous stunts, extra insurance had to be taken. The insuring companies do not cover pre and post-production problems, box office results and the loss of profits.

Aishwarya Rai Effect
In June 2000, Aishwarya Rai met with an accident. The accident costed United India Insurance, a sum of only INR 1.6 million but it attracted substantial media coverage as it was the first instance of the Hindi film industry availing the benefits of film insurance. The film insurance was the in thing for the film Industry. United India Insurance, piggyback on the Aishwarya Rai Effect by July 2001, had insured around 8-10 films, for sums varying from INR 25 million to INR 220 million. The insured films included YashRaj Films – Mohabbatein, Aamir Khan Productions – Lagaan, Farhan Akhtar – Dil Chahta Hai, Karan Johar – Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham and Dreamz Unlimited’s – Asoka.

The credit for pioneering the film insurance business in India goes to the producer-director Subhash Ghai. He was the first Indian filmmaker to insure his film Taal. The landmark film Taal was insured for a sum of INR 110 million with United India Insurance in 1998. The move was welcomed by both media and film personalities as opening of a new chapter in the Indian film industry.

Consumer Generated Media

Consumer Generated Media describes a variety of new and emerging sources of online information that are created, initiated, circulated and used by consumers intent on educating each other on products, services, brands, personalities and issues.

– Neilson Buzz matrices.

Pete Blackshaw, CMO for Nielsen Buzzmetrics, coined the term “consumer generated media” (CGM) to describe the evolving consumer-created space on the internet. CGM refers to posts made by consumers within online venues such as internet forums, blogs, wikis, and discussion lists, on products that they have purchased, questions they have or problems they are trying to solve. CGM is constantly evolving in terms of form and content. A few prominent websites used for CGM include: Brickfish, Dailymotion, Digg, eBay, Facebook, Flickr, MySpace, Picasa, Revver, Second Life, TripAdvisor, TypePad, Wikipedia, WordPress, YouTube, bigadda

The most common consumer hangouts in the CGM spaces are: Discussion boards, Blogs, Wikis, Social networking sites, News Sites, Trip planners, Mobile Photos sharing sites, Videos sharing sites, Customer review sites, Experience or photo sharing sites. The CGM supporting sites can be divided into five different categories for better understanding. They are,

Blogs: A Blog is the collection of web log where publisher shares his stories, fantasies or experiences. The wordpress, blogger, bigadda are the famus platforms which offer blogging experience.

Message Boards or Discussion Forums: Interest-focused message forums and discussion boards like citehr, are the most prominent content sharing tool. This concept was evolved from the Tech World where techies discuss their problems and experts offer advice to the fellow techies. Now this concept has become common across verticals.

Review Sites: This is a popular place where an excited customer spread positive word and an irate customer vents his frustration. Mouthshut is one of the famous review site.

Groups: These are highly focused and specialized groups or communities where the members exchange ideas in the virtual world. These clubs are an offshoot of the Mail groups where one can connect with their friends through group mails like Yahoo, Google offers platform to create groups.

Communities: Communities like Orkut, facebook, you tube, Flicker, linkedin offer networking and socializing opportunities to the Internet savvy individuals. Started as a socializing tool, these communities grew as an influential media for marketers.

The idea of CGM has evolved from its early roots of consumer feedback via online letters and email to encompass new media such as video, pictures and social networking sites. The phenomenon, CGM is a nightmare as well as an opportunity for marketers. It is a nightmare since the marketer has no control over the media or the message, an opportunity because if used wisely, it can turn out to be a new medium and an invaluable source of customer information.

Microsoft built on Acquisition

Microsoft is yet another company which is built on series of acquisitions. Microsoft not only bought companies but also bought their technology to enhance the product portfolio. Historically, Microsoft has focused on smaller deals to acquire technology. Microsoft’s largest acquisition is the purchase of aQuantive, a digital marketing company for $6 billion. Microsoft before acquisition of aQuantive never focused on established businesses. Microsoft is, of course, eying a multibillion dollar Yahoo.

1986
Dynamical Systems Research , Operating system which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Windows

1987
Forethought , Graphics software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft PowerPoint

1991
Consumers Software , Computer networking which helped Microsoft develop E-mail service provider

1992
Fox Software , Database which helped Microsoft develop Visual FoxPro

1994
Softimage , 3D computer graphics software which helped Microsoft develop DirectX
One Tree Software , Revision control which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Visual SourceSafe

1995
NextBase , Route planning software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Streets & Trips
RenderMorphics , Reality Lab which helped Microsoft develop Direct3D
Blue Ribbon Soundworks , Digital audio editor which helped Microsoft develop DirectSound
Bruce Artwick Organization , Personal computer game which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Space Simulator

1996
Vermeer Technologies Incorporated , HTML editor which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft FrontPage
Colusa Software , Object-oriented programming which helped Microsoft develop ActiveX
EXOS , Video game which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
eShop , Electronic commerce which helped Microsoft develop MSN Shopping
ResNova Software , Web server which helped Microsoft develop MSN
NetCarta , Content management system which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft FrontPage

1997
Intersé , Web analytics which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft BackOffice Server
WebTV Networks , Internet television which helped Microsoft develop MSN TV
Dimension X , Multimedia which helped Microsoft develop DirectX
Cooper & Peters , Software framework which helped Microsoft develop Application Foundation Classes
LinkAge Software , E-mail which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Exchange Server
Vxtreme , Streaming media which helped Microsoft develop Windows Media Player
Hotmail , Web-based email which helped Microsoft develop Hotmail

1998
Flash Communications , Instant messaging client which helped Microsoft develop MSN Messenger
Firefly Network , Recommender system which helped Microsoft develop Windows Live ID
MESA Group , Instant messaging client which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Exchange Server
Valence Research , Computer cluster which helped Microsoft develop Windows NT
LinkExchange , Advertising network which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft adCenter

1999
FASA Interactive , Video game which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
CompareNet , Price comparison service which helped Microsoft develop MSN Shopping
Numinous Technology , Computer graphics which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
Indie Built , Game development which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
Jump Networks , Calendaring software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Outlook
ShadowFactor Software , Voice over Internet Protocol which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
OmniBrowse , Mobile software which helped Microsoft develop MSN Mobile
Sendit , Mobile Web which helped Microsoft develop MSN Mobile
ZOOMIT , Identity management which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Identity Integration Server
STNC Enterprises , Mobile Web which helped Microsoft develop MSN Mobile
Visio Corporation , Diagramming software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Visio
Softway Systems , Customer relationship management which helped Microsoft develop Interix
Entropic Research Laboratory , Speech recognition which helped Microsoft develop Windows Speech Recognition

2000
Peach Network , Interactive television which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft TV
Driveoff.Com , Online Car Shopping which helped Microsoft develop MSN
Bungie , Video game developer which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
NetGames USA , Online game which helped Microsoft develop MSN Games
MongoMusic , Media player which helped Microsoft develop MSN Music
Pacific Microsonics , Media player which helped Microsoft develop Windows Media Player
Digital Anvil , Video game developer which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
Great Plains Software , Accounting software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Dynamics GP

2001
Maximal Innovative Intelligence , Information management which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Outlook
NCompass Labs , Content management system which helped Microsoft develop .NET Framework
iCommunicate , Customer relationship management which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Dynamics CRM
Ensemble Studios , Video game developer which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios

2002
Navision Software A/S , Enterprise resource planning which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Dynamics NAV
Sales Management Systems , Point of sale which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Dynamics GP
Rare , Video game developer which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
Vicinity , Internet marketing which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft MapPoint

2003
Connectix , Virtualization which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Virtual PC
PlaceWare , Web conferencing which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Office Live Meeting
RAV Antivirus , Antivirus software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Anti-Virus
Creature House , Graphics software which helped Microsoft develop Creature House Expression

2004
ActiveViews , Analytical software which helped Microsoft develop SQL Server Reporting Services
Encore Business Solutions , Accounting software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Dynamics
Lookout Software , Desktop search which helped Microsoft develop Windows Search
GIANT Company Software , Anti-spyware which helped Microsoft develop Windows Defender

2005
Sybari Software , Antivirus software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Anti-Virus
En’tegrate Software , Enterprise resource planning which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Dynamics AX
Groove Networks , Collaborative software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Groove
ContentGuard , Digital rights management which helped Microsoft develop PlayReady
MessageCast , Instant messaging client which helped Microsoft develop MSN Messenger
FrontBridge , E-mail service provider which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Exchange Hosted Services
Teleo , Voice over Internet Protocol which helped Microsoft develop MSN Messenger
Alacris , Identity and Access Management which helped Microsoft develop Active Directory
Unveil Technologies , Speech recognition which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Speech Server
media-streams.com , Voice over Internet Protocol which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Office
FolderShare , File sharing which helped Microsoft develop Windows Live FolderShare
GeoTango , Web mapping which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft MapPoint

2006
UMT , Project management software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Office Project Portfolio Server
MotionBridge , Search engine technology which helped Microsoft develop Live Search Mobile
String Bean Software , iSCSI which helped Microsoft develop Windows Server 2003
Onfolio , Information management which helped Microsoft develop Windows Live Toolbar
Apptimum , Software migration which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Windows
ProClarity Corporation , Business intelligence software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft SQL Server
Lionhead Studios , Video game developer which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Game Studios
AssetMetrix , Business intelligence software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Systems Management Server
Vexcel , Satellite imagery which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft MapPoint
Massive Incorporated , In-game advertising which helped Microsoft develop Xbox Live
DeepMetrix , Web analytics which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft adCenter
Whale Communications , Virtual private network which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Intelligent Application Gateway
iView Media , Digital asset management which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Expression Media
Softricity , Application Virtualization which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Application Virtualization
Winternals , Utility software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Windows
Azyxxi , Medical software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Amalga
Gteko , Utility software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Research
DesktopStandard , Group Policy which helped Microsoft develop Group Policy
Colloquis , Instant messaging which helped Microsoft develop Windows Live Agents

2007
Secured Dimensions , Computer security which helped Microsoft develop Windows Live OneCare
Medstory , Medical software which helped Microsoft develop Live Search Health
Tellme Networks , Voice over Internet Protocol which helped Microsoft develop Windows Mobile
devBiz , Web application which helped Microsoft develop Visual Studio Team System
ScreenTonic , Mobile advertising which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft adCenter
SoftArtisans , Reporting software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Office
aQuantive , Digital marketing which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft adCenter
Engyro , Interoperability which helped Microsoft develop System Center Operations Manager
Dundas Data Visualization , Database which helped Microsoft develop SQL Server Reporting Services
Stratature , Database management system which helped Microsoft develop Bulldog
AdECN , Online advertising which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft adCenter
Parlano , Instant messaging which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Office Communications Server
Jellyfish.com , Reverse auction which helped Microsoft develop Live Search
Global Care Solutions , Medical software which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Amalga
Multimap.com , Location-based service which helped Microsoft develop Live Search Maps

2008
Fast Search & Transfer , Enterprise search which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft SharePoint
Calista Technologies , Virtual device which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Application Virtualization
Caligari , 3D computer graphics which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Virtual Earth
Danger , Mobile software which helped Microsoft develop MSN Mobile
YaData , Online advertising which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft adCenter
Kidaro , Desktop Virtualization (VDI) which helped Microsoft develop Microsoft Virtual PC
Komoku , Computer security which helped Microsoft develop Windows Live OneCare
Farecast , Computer reservations system which helped Microsoft develop —
Powerset Search engine which helped Microsoft develop Live Search

The majority of the companies acquired by Microsoft are based in the United States. Microsoft till date have acquired close to 120 companies.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org

Yahoo! built out of Alliances, Acquisitions (and looking for Merger)

In 1994, Jerry Yang and David Filo, the two young PhD computer science students from the Stanford University, started compiling list of their favorite websites as a hobby. They also listed them on websites. They developed Web-searching software which helped in web search and indexing sites. They categorized and subcategorized their websites for better search result. The website in the early days was categorized under Art, Business, Computers, Economy, and Education and also subcategorized each of the categories soon became too cumbersome, as the number of websites in their list increased. Jerry Yang and David Filo named the search list Yahoo.

By January 1995, Yahoo, had 10,000 websites and was getting one million hits a day. However, the indexing was still done by humans. During the same time, Yahoo had to be moved out of the Stanford University server where it was hosted.

By this time, Yahoo had gained fame and respect and venture capitalists showed interests in investing in Yahoo against a pie of Yahoo. The industry had recognized the potential of Yahoo and AOL wanted to buy Yahoo for $2 million. However, both Yang and Filo declined the offer. The media covered these events in detail which helped Yahoo gain visibility. The feature story in Newsweek during that time coined the expression ‘did a Yahoo.’ This coinage was later modified to become the company’s famous slogan ‘Do You Yahoo!?’

Launch
In March 1995, Yang, Filo and Tim Brady (a friend of Yang) wrote the business plan for Yahoo. The business plan put forth the vision of Yahoo; to become the ‘TV Guide of the Internet.’ The business plan also focused on advertisers to help generate its revenues, without charging any fees from the users.

The plan also stressed the importance of Yahoo’s independence, editorial impartiality, brand equity and free service for the end users. The business plan also listed that the second-biggest source of income should be through licensing deals.
The business plan announced Filo as president and CEO, and Yang as chairman and CFO.

In March 1995, Yahoo was incorporated and in April the company got its first $1 mn venture funding from Sequoia Capital. As soon as venture funding was received, the founders put an interim management in place at Yahoo. Yahoo launched its website in early August 1995.

Yahoo Expansion

In April 1996, Yahoo launched Yahoo Japan as a joint venture with Softbank, with Yahoo and Softbank owning 40% and 60% respectively. However, in all other cases it always held the majority stake. In Europe, Yahoo launched as Yahoo Europe in United Kingdom, Germany and France along with rest of Western Europe with Ziff Davis Yahoo held 70% of the equity stake while Ziff Davis held only 30%.

Yahoo forged strategic alliances with different companies like Procter & Gamble, Walmart, Coca-Cola, Nabisco, Pepsi, Microsoft, and Real Networks. To improve its pure search capability, Yahoo licensed AltaVista’s search engine and to broaden its distribution, Yahoo forged deals with Compaq and Gateway which allowed Yahoo to put its button on the desktops of Compaq and Gateway PCs. However, Yahoo and MTV alliance to create, a music search engine failed soon after its creation.

Yahoo initially started as a search engine, but with alliances and joint ventures it slowly developed as a portal. Mostly growth happened through acquisitions. Some of the companies acquired by Yahoo were Flickr, Konfabulator, Upcoming.org, Del.icio.us, and Webjay. The new Yahoo search engine was built on the acquired technology from Inktomi and Overture. The new search engine created the best search technology for consumers and an effective advertising platform for the advertisers. Yahoo also launched Yahoo 360, a social networking service.

In long run, Yahoo has become a victim of success. The company had adopted the model of being a one-stop portal, offering all the services on its web site. Yahoo’s homepage had links to a host of products and services like e-mail, music, mobile, small business services, health, finance, games, movies, personals, etc.

Acquired Companies

2002 Hotjobs, Inktomi
2003 Overture,
2004 3721 Internet Assistant, Kelkoo, Oddpost, The All-Seeing Eye, Music Match, Stata Labs Inc, WUF Networks
2005 Verdisoft, Ludicorp Research, (Flickr), Stadeon, TeRespondo, Dialpad
2005 blo.gs, Konfabulator, Alibaba, Upcoming.org, Whereonearth, del.icio.us
2006 Searchfox, Meedio, Gmarket, Jumpcut.com, Adlnterax, Right Media, Kenet Works, Bix.com, Wretch

Strategic Alliances and Joint Ventures

During the same time, Yahoo initiated strategic partnerships. Yang’s objective of strategic partnerships was, to leverage relationships for future financing, rather than raising money. They zeroed on Reuters, and struck a distribution and revenue sharing deal with Reuters. The success of the yahoo – Reuters deal led Yahoo to bring together a pilot program of six advertisers like GM and Visa, each of which paid $20,000 per month.

As the number of paid advertisers along with the daily visitors in Yahoo’s website increased, few companies showed interests in investing in Yahoo. Reuters, computer-magazine publisher Ziff Davis, Japanese software publisher and distributor giant Softbank invested in Yahoo against a portion of its equity
stake. Reuters invested $1 mn for a 2.5% stake, Ziff Davis and Softbank each invested $2 mn for 5% stakes.

In 1999 when the dotcoms started to collapse in 1999, and the advertising market shrank, Yahoo had to search new ways other than advertising to make money. Yahoo started charging for some of its existing services, like auctions and personals and introduced new paid services, like extra storage space for email and photos, registration of personal domain names and tools for building personal Web pages. In 1999, Yahoo also entered the ecommerce business by introducing Yahoo Shopping where 9000 merchants joined. Yahoo also partnered with Kmart’s retail website, BlueLight.com, to provide free Internet access to the users, with the objective of attracting large number of new Net-savvy customers.

Kamal Haasan

Kamal Haasan is an actor, producer, director, screenwriter, lyricist, playback singer and choreographer has won a total of 172 awards which is more than any other actor in the world living or dead. He was named as “kalaignani” – an idol of art, by M. Karunanidhi for his classical work towards Tamil cinema. The kalaignani was born on November 7, 1954 is the youngest of four children born in to an Iyengar family to Rajalakshmi and Srinivasan.

Early career: 1960s – 1970s

Kamal Haasan began his career as a child artist at age of six. In the 1960s, he made his screen debut with film Kalathur Kannamma, produced by AVM production and directed by by A. Bhimsingh, and won his first National Award for Best Child Artist. He acted as a child actor in five other Tamil films in the subsequent few years.

In 1972, after completing his education, Kamal Haasan returned to films and played supporting roles to more estblished actors. In 1974, Naan Avanillai final establishing him as a lead actor and in the same year he received a regional Filmfare Award for his role in the Malayalam movie Kanyakumari. The next four years, he won six regional Best Actor Filmfare Awards, including four consecutive Best Tamil Actor Awards.

Kamal Haasan in most of his late 1970s films, was usually the hero, with Rajinikanth as the villain. He reached stardom in 1979 with multiple classics and mass blockbusters. A huge factor behind Kamal’s success is his versatility.

Growth career: 1980s – 1990s

In 1981, Kamal Haasan’ acted in 100th film Raja Paarvai, which also marked his debut in film production. The portrayal of a blind session violinist earned him a Filmfare Award. In 1981, he incidentally ventured into direction. This was his first attempt at direction, which came through an unfortunate turn of events with the demise of director T.N. Baalu during the filming of Sankarlal. Kamal Haasan’s next acting role, in Ek Duuje Ke Liye, became his first Hindi-language film. In 1985, his performance in Saagar, won him both the Filmfare Best Actor Award as well as the Best Supporting Actor Award, making him the first actor to win both awards for a single film in the award’s history.

In 1987, Mani Rathnam’ directed him for Nayagan, commonly referred to The Godfather of Tamil cinema. The film helped Kamal Haasan bag a Indian National Award. The film was nominated by India as its entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the Academy Awards in 1987. in 1990, Kamal Hassan received India’s fourth highest civilian honour, the Padma Shri for his services to Indian cinema.

Unlike the eighties, Kamal Haasan films in the nineties lost sheen and were unsuccessful, barring Thevar Magan, Michael Madhana Kamarajan, and Avvai Shanmugi. The 1990s saw Kamal Haasan breaking out of the romantic hero mould to explore some more gritty, unconventional roles. In 1996, he acted in the police cop story, Kuruthipunal, which met with a strong critical reception. The success in Kuruthipunal, was followed by Indian which helped him bag him third National Film Award for Best Actor. Kamal Haasan’s second attempt at direction came through another unfortunate turn of events when the original director Shantanu Sheroey failed to do a good job while filming Chachi 420 in 1997.

New century – A new beginning

In 2000, Kamal Haasan filmed his second directorial venture, Hey Ram. He also donned roles of the writer, the lyricist, the choreogrpaher and the producer for the movie Hey Ram. The decade also saw his third directorial venture, Virumaandi. In 2006, Kamal Haasan’s long delayed project, Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu became a blockbuster at the box office. Kamal Haasan latest release, Dasavatharam has got positive response of audiences. He is set to direct his fourth directorial venture under the production of Walt Disney Pictures. The film tentatively titled Marmayogi, is believed to be set in the 7th century and feature several leading stars in the lead roles alongside Haasan. The film was announced with a higher budget than Dasavatharam.

Hollywood Inspiration

Kamal Haasan’s remakes are usually inspired by Hollywood originals, but the story and screenplay are customized for Indian Audiences viz. Nayagan was inspired by Godfather, Avvai Shanmugi and Chachi 420 were inspired by Mrs. Doubtfire, Anbe Sivam was inspired by Planes, Trains & Automobiles, Sathi Leelavathi was inspired by She-Devil, and Magalir Mattum was inspired by Nine to Five.

Awards

Kamal Haasan is a three-time winner of the National Film Award for Best Actor for the films Nayagan, Moondram Pirai and Indian. He also won the national award for Best Child Actor for his performance in Kalathur Kannamma. Six of his movies have been sent as India’s official entry to the Oscars. He has won the Filmfare awards 18 times. He was awarded the Padmashri in 1990. He has won a total of 172 awards which is more than any other actor in the world living or dead. He was named as “kalaignani” – an idol of art, by M. Karunanidhi for his classical work towards Tamil cinema. In 2007, he was conferred with “Living Legend” in the film business by FICCI, India.

Source: http://www.chakpak.com, and http://www.imdb.com, http://www.screenindia.com, http://www.apunkachoice.com,

Kamal Haasan filmography

1960 Kalathur Kannamma Tamil Winner: National Film Award for Best Child Artist

1975 Apoorva Raagangal Tamil Winner: Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award

1977 16 Vayathinile Tamil Winner: Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award

1982 Moondram Pirai Tamil Winner: National Film Award for Best Actor

1983 Sagara Sangamam Telugu Winner: Filmfare Best Telugu Actor Award,Nandi Award for Best Actor

1987 Nayagan Tamil Winner: National Film Award for Best Actor

1988 Pushpak Silent Winner: Filmfare Best Kannada Actor Award

1989 Apoorva Sagodharargal Tamil Portrayed triple roles

1991 Michael Madhana Kamarajan Rajan Tamil Portrayed four roles, Scripted and Produced by Kamal Haasan, Scripted and Produced by Kamal Haasan

1992 Thevar Magan Tamil Winner: Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award

1996 Indian Tamil Portrayed a dual role, Winner: National Film Award for Best Actor, Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award

1998 Chachi 420 Tamil Produced, Scripted, and Directed Kamal Haasan

2000 Hey Ram Tamil Winner: Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award, Simultaneously made into Hindi as Hey Ram, Produced, Scripted, and Directed Kamal Haasan

2001 Aalavandhan Tamil Portrayed a dual role

2003 Anbe Sivam Tamil Scripted by Kamal Haasan

2004 Virumaandi Tamil Produced, Scripted, and Directed Kamal Haasan

2006 Vettaiyadu Vilayadu Tamil Scripted by Kamal Haasan

2008 Dasavatharam Tamil Portrayed 10 different roles, Directed By K.S. Ravikumar, Story, Screenplay and Scripted by Kamal Haasan, Produced by Aascar Ravichandran

Dasavatharam: India’s most ambitious film

The release of Kamal Haasan’s magnum opus Dasavatharam was probably the most awaited event after Rajinikanth’s Sivaji – The Boss. The release is also important as Kamal Haasan has no release since August 2006. Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu, Haasan’s last released in August 2006 was a huge hit.

Dasavatharam is India’s most ambitious film in terms of budget and scrip. The film was released on June 13 2008. Ravichandran decided on the project in 1996. It took a lot of time to get the film together. Almost after twelve years it was released world-wide on June 13, 2008 in the Tamil language, with a simultaneous dubbed version released in Telugu. The film is set to be dubbed into Hindi and released later in the year.

Role

In the movie Haasan appears in ten different roles, breaking the record for an actor’s portrayal of the most different characters. The movie also has Asin in a dual role and Mallika Sherawat, who plays lead role. Kamal Haasan has played ten different roles in Dashavatharam – US President George Bush, Balaraman, a brahmin, a tall Afghan, a Lankan Tamil, an old lady, a doctor, a police officer, a Japanese, and a Daler Mehndi look-alike.

Music

Himesh Reshammiya has composed the film’s soundtrack, and Devi Sri Prasad has given the background score. The soundtrack to Dasavathaaram was released on April 25, 2008, which became the largest audio launch for a film in the world. Prominent film personalities across the world including Jackie Chan, Amitabh Bachchan, Mammooty, Vijay and Madhavan attended the function

Distribution

In the recent past, most big-budget films be it Hindi, or any other regional film, producers have adopted a revenue model where the investments are typically recovered before the release of the film. The producer of the movie, Ravichandran, took the different route and decided to distribute the film himself. He has ensured that the film is released in as many screens as possible. The film overall will have 1,300 prints which will include the Hindi version as well. Tamil Nadu alone had 275 prints with Kerala and Karnataka accounting for 85 and 80 prints respectively. The Telugu version of Dasavatharam had as many as 260 prints. Around 1,100 prints will be released domestically while the rest will go abroad in countries like UK, US, Europe and Singapore.

Revenue
In terms of money that came Ravichandran’s way before the release of the film, it was Rs 2 crore from Sony-BMG for selling the music rights and another Rs 4.5 crore for Kalaignar TV for the satellite rights. That adds up to just Rs 6.5 crore. The Ravichandran has distributed movie himself and is confident that the movie will do business worth Rs. 300 crores.
Reviews

Dasavatharam has been declared as the Blockbuster of the year due to its huge and mega opening worldwide in Indian film history. The film is anticipated to rake in close to Rs. 100 crore as its theatrical revenue at the end of this week, as Chennai theatre owners state that the bookings for the next 10 days are house-full. If compared to Rajnikant’s Sivaji the film grossed over 25 crore in its first one week. Given the current figures, Kamal Hassan is currently one up.

Source: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com, www.dasavatharam.info, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Dasavatharam: India’s most ambitious film

The release of Kamal Haasan’s magnum opus Dasavatharam was probably the most awaited event after Rajinikanth’s Sivaji – The Boss. The release is also important as Kamal Haasan has no release since August 2006. Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu, Haasan’s last released in August 2006 was a huge hit.

Dasavatharam is India’s most ambitious film in terms of budget and scrip. The film was released on June 13 2008. Ravichandran decided on the project in 1996. It took a lot of time to get the film together. Almost after twelve years it was released world-wide on June 13, 2008 in the Tamil language, with a simultaneous dubbed version released in Telugu. The film is set to be dubbed into Hindi and released later in the year.

Role

In the movie Haasan appears in ten different roles, breaking the record for an actor’s portrayal of the most different characters. The movie also has Asin in a dual role and Mallika Sherawat, who plays lead role. Kamal Haasan has played ten different roles in Dashavatharam – US President George Bush, Balaraman, a brahmin, a tall Afghan, a Lankan Tamil, an old lady, a doctor, a police officer, a Japanese, and a Daler Mehndi look-alike.

Music

Himesh Reshammiya has composed the film’s soundtrack, and Devi Sri Prasad has given the background score. The soundtrack to Dasavathaaram was released on April 25, 2008, which became the largest audio launch for a film in the world. Prominent film personalities across the world including Jackie Chan, Amitabh Bachchan, Mammooty, Vijay and Madhavan attended the function

Distribution

In the recent past, most big-budget films be it Hindi, or any other regional film, producers have adopted a revenue model where the investments are typically recovered before the release of the film. The producer of the movie, Ravichandran, took the different route and decided to distribute the film himself. He has ensured that the film is released in as many screens as possible. The film overall will have 1,300 prints which will include the Hindi version as well. Tamil Nadu alone had 275 prints with Kerala and Karnataka accounting for 85 and 80 prints respectively. The Telugu version of Dasavatharam had as many as 260 prints. Around 1,100 prints will be released domestically while the rest will go abroad in countries like UK, US, Europe and Singapore.

Revenue
In terms of money that came Ravichandran’s way before the release of the film, it was Rs 2 crore from Sony-BMG for selling the music rights and another Rs 4.5 crore for Kalaignar TV for the satellite rights. That adds up to just Rs 6.5 crore. The Ravichandran has distributed movie himself and is confident that the movie will do business worth Rs. 300 crores.
Reviews

Dasavatharam has been declared as the Blockbuster of the year due to its huge and mega opening worldwide in Indian film history. The film is anticipated to rake in close to Rs. 100 crore as its theatrical revenue at the end of this week, as Chennai theatre owners state that the bookings for the next 10 days are house-full. If compared to Rajnikant’s Sivaji the film grossed over 25 crore in its first one week. Given the current figures, Kamal Hassan is currently one up.

Source: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com, www.dasavatharam.info, http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com